Rice Farming In Konkan

 

Preface :

About 65% of the people in our country have rice in their daily diet. Rice supplies most of the nutrients to the human body. Also, compared to other crops, paddy has many uses for livestock and industry. Therefore, rice is known as a multi-purpose cereal crop. Apart from this, paddy is a major cereal crop that grows and yields successfully in a wide variety of soils such as light, heavy, wetlands and saline. Considering the food grains grown in the state of Maharashtra, rice ranks after sorghum and millet. Even so, paddy is the major food crop of the people of Konkan, Nagpur division of Vidarbha as well as Kolhapur, Pune, Nashik and adjoining areas of the division. In Maharashtra, paddy is also known as "Sal" and "Dhan".

Special emphasis will have to be laid on increasing the area under cultivation, especially improved varieties of paddy, which will help in increasing productivity per hectare, balanced use of organic and chemical fertilizers as recommended, proper cultivation and planting techniques, adoption of crop protection measures, etc. It is also necessary to adopt modern technology like hybrid rice production. Paddy is cultivated during kharif and summer seasons in our state.

Problems in rice production:

Farmers in the state have been cultivating paddy for many years. However, compared to the average productivity of the country, the productivity of the state is very low and there is a lot to be done. The following are the important issues in paddy production in the state.

Low area under cultivation of improved and high yielding rice varieties.

Less than recommended and unbalanced use of organic and chemical fertilizers.

Small use of pest, disease and weed control measures.

Longer time required for planting due to difficulties in availability of timely and adequate agricultural labor.

About 80 to 85 per cent of the paddy cultivators in the state are small and marginal farmers and their scattered paddy cultivation hence less use of mechanization.

Irregular and inadequate or excessive rainfall damage to coastal saline soils.

Adverse effects on iron crop growth and production due to iron deficiency in Marathwada region.

Problems and delays in fertilizer supply to reach on time and in sufficient quantity.

Small scale dissemination of improved rice cultivation technology to farmers.

Inadequate availability in the cultivation area of ​​improved paddy mills required for filling very fine, long grain and fragrant rice varieties.

Improved varieties of paddy:

The beginning of the green revolution in paddy production in our country was in 1964 at Taichung Local 1 and in 1966 at I.P. R. - 8 rice varieties were cultivated. Since then, since 1967, scientists in our country have been given many pearls like Jaya and Ratna. Success has been achieved in the production of non-rolling and early response to chemical fertilizers, early maturing, less susceptible to pests and diseases. Farmers also started cultivating these varieties on a large scale. Since then, there has been a significant increase in rice production in our country and in the state. Research on paddy crop started in Maharashtra in 1991. 

Rice varieties:

Characteristics of high yielding rice varieties are low height, non-rolling and good response to nitrogen fertilizer.

As the leaves are heavy, broad and erect and dark green in color, the curb absorption function is more effective. Also the stems, leaves and under leaves remain green and efficient for a long time. Therefore, the number of leaf lobes is less.

As these varieties are of Indica type, the seeds are white and do not become sticky when cooked. The percentage of paddy after filling is higher than the local variety. Rice is coarse and high in protein.

Chudas have more footways. Most of these footpaths are short-lived, meaning that the distance between the first and later footwalls is shorter. Therefore, there is less difference in the number of seeds in the stem of the main and other shoots. When the crop is ready, the seeds are not sown in the field.

Differences in the duration of sunlight during the day are less sensitive but differences in temperature are particularly sensitive. Therefore, it takes more or less days in different places for the crop to be ready in one season. Also in summer season it takes about 15 to 20 more days for the crop to be ready.

This species appears to have efficiently utilized the absorbed nutrients. Therefore, seed production increases with the amount of fertilizer without excessive growth of the crop.

These species are somewhat resistant to important diseases and diseases.

Land and climate:

Paddy is a tropical crop that needs hot and humid climate. The average temperature during the growing season is 24 to 32 degrees Celsius. Gray. Is nutritious. The average humidity in the air is 65% for good production. This crop has an average yield of 1000 mm. Requires more rain than. This crop is grown in all types of soils with adequate rainfall and irrigation facilities. The yield is higher if the soil content (pH) is between 5 to 8 per cent.

Planting of seedlings:

When planting seedlings, planting should be done at the right time according to the breeding period. E.g. Mild varieties should be planted after 20 to 23 days, low varieties after 25 to 30 days. Only 3-4 seedlings should be planted in one seedling. Seedlings straight and shallow i.e. 2 to 4 sec. I Apply deep. Sloping and deep planting of seedlings is likely to reduce shoots. Generally for light varieties 15 X 15 sec. I At a distance of 20 X 15 cm for low and proud breeds. Keep a distance.

 
Rice Stem Borer aka Rice Stem Management :

Rice stem borer reduces the number of grains and overall yield. There are six major species of these insects and they cause a lot of damage to paddy. There are four species of rhizomes found in the Cauvery River Triangle - Scorpophaega insertula (yellow), Chilo suppressalis (striped), Chilo auricilus (golden) and Sesamia infernus (pink). Found in a research survey of the organization.

The larvae that live in the trunk eat from inside the trunk. Sometimes the esophagus ruptures, causing 'dead hearts' to form before the crop arrives, or 'white heads' or 'white ears' appearing after the crop arrives.